One of the questions we receive most frequently from recruits heading to the US is: "Can I work a part-time job alongside my studies and sport?" The short answer is: yes, but exclusively on campus and under specific conditions. As an international student-athlete, you reside in the United States on an F-1 student visa. This visa is granted primarily for educational and athletic purposes. While employment is permitted under certain circumstances, strict federal regulations apply. Failing to comply can directly impact your lawful visa status. Fortunately, plenty of legal opportunities exist on campus to earn extra spending money.
Working on campus (on-campus employment)
As an international student, your F-1 visa permits you to work on the campus of the university you attend. The US government considers this an integral part of student life.
On-campus employment refers to positions offered directly by the university. Examples include working at the library, the campus bookstore, dining halls, or athletic facilities.
Many student-athletes select low-intensity on-campus jobs that integrate smoothly with practices and classes. Positions such as library reception or facility monitoring often allow students to complete homework behind the desk during quiet moments while getting paid.
Crucial Rule: Working off-campus at a local retail store, restaurant, or business without explicit authorization is strictly prohibited on an F-1 visa.
Hour limits and earnings
Under F-1 visa regulations, you are permitted to work a maximum of 20 hours per week on campus during the academic year. During official university holiday breaks (such as summer or winter recess), you may work full-time up to 40 hours per week.
On-campus wages vary by state and university, but typically range between $10 and $15 per hour. Working approximately ten hours per week allows you to earn between $2,000 and $3,000 per semester in personal spending money.
Do not start working in your first semester
Your initial months in the US are dedicated entirely to adjustment. You must navigate campus life, attend classes in English, connect with new teammates, and adapt to intensive training schedules. Additionally, you will handle practical logistics. (Read more about what daily campus life in the US looks like).
For these reasons, we advise against taking on a part-time job during your very first semester. Give yourself time to adjust. By your second semester, you will understand your routine and better gauge your available time.
Consider your competitive sports season
Your capacity to work depends heavily on the time of year. During your competitive season (in-season), daily practices, competition, and travel consume significant time. Many student-athletes choose to work minimal hours or pause working entirely during this period.
During the off-season, schedules become considerably more flexible. While practices and classes continue, many of our athletes successfully work ten to twenty hours per week on campus during this time.
Applying for a social security number (SSN)
To work legally on campus and receive payroll, you must obtain a Social Security Number (SSN).
To apply for an SSN, you will need an official employment offer letter from the campus employer and endorsement from your university’s International Student Office or Designated School Official (DSO). Virtually every university guides international students through this application process step by step.
Processing an SSN application typically takes several weeks. Keep in mind that you may not be able to start working immediately upon being hired.
What about sponsorship income (NIL)?
In addition to campus employment, student-athletes frequently ask about earning income from social media, brand sponsorships, or product promotions (NIL). Different regulations apply to international students compared to US citizens.
Active promotional work performed while physically located in the United States is classified as ‘unauthorized employment’ by US immigration authorities. Consequently, most forms of active NIL deals are prohibited on an F-1 visa.
(Read our detailed guide on NIL deals and visa regulations for international athletes).
Exceptions for off-campus work: CPT and OPT
Two specific legal exceptions allow international students to work off-campus: CPT and OPT. These are not standard part-time jobs, but formal educational components of your degree program.
Curricular Practical Training (CPT)
CPT is designed for required internships or practical training that form an integral part of your academic curriculum. You work for an off-campus employer, provided the internship is pre-approved by your university.
Optional Practical Training (OPT)
OPT allows international students to work in the US for one to three years (depending on your degree field) following graduation to gain relevant professional work experience in their field of study.
Both CPT and OPT require strict adherence to specific conditions and advance authorization from your university and US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).
Why we recommend an on-campus job
An on-campus job is certainly a great way to earn extra spending money, but that is not the primary reason we encourage our athletes to work a few hours per week.
As a student-athlete, you spend the majority of your time with your team—training, traveling, and living together. As a result, your initial social circle consists primarily of fellow athletes.
Working on campus allows you to experience the university from a broader perspective and build a network outside of athletics. You meet American students, faculty, and staff while gaining valuable work experience.
Questions about living, studying, and competing in the US?
Navigating F-1 visa regulations requires an accurate approach. Have questions about on-campus work, tuition, or balancing sports and academics? Contact the team at Made Scholarships today.